Born-Markov Approximation

The derivation of a simpler master equation requires 4 keys approximations:

1. Rotating Wave Approximation (RWA)
2. Born Approximation

     3. The initial radiation field density operator commutes with the free Hamiltonian, and the reservoir is not 

         affected by the interactions with the system

     4.  Markov Approximation:

All these 4 approximation is called Born-Markov Approximation.

-Source : Yoshihisa Yamamoto & Atac Imamoglu, Mesoscopic Quantum Optics

System-Reservoir Interaction

A `Must Have’ Tools/Softwares in Research

Below are tools that are quite helpful in managing our research. Maybe one doesn’t agree with me but these tools, more or less, they make my work easier and faster. It saves time and energy. The tools are:

TEX file editor – eg. Scientific Workplace, LaTex, etc.
To do calculations, write equations, papers etc. (easier than MS equation editor)

 Programming tools – eg. Matlab, C++, Java, Mathematica, LabVIEW etc.
To simulate the theories, generate graphs and plots.

Journals/Articles organizer – eg. Mendeley Desktop etc.
To collect, organize, put notes, review, easy searching, sharing online, get journal details, do revisions, comparisons etc.

Software tool for publishing and managing bibliographies – eg. Endnotes(MS), BibTex, etc.
To create reference line automatically when constructing papers/thesis/journal/presentation in preferred writing style such as APA style etc.

Research networking sites – Academia.edu, LinkedIn, ResearcherID, International Society etc.
To follow works of researchers in the field of interest, discussing, collaborating, and sharing knowledge. This is good to develop international collaborations, expecting better findings and gain new knowledge.

Social page – Twitter, Blogs, Facebook, etc.
Not for socializing or flirting but to get updates/news in our field of interest that happens currently. This is done by subscribing pages of scientific journals, magazines, societies, researchers, icons in our field, etc. or anything related.



Maybe you can suggest more tools/softwares to assist researchers in their works here. I just list down several of them.

Interaction of a single two-level atom with a single-mode field

PhD/Master position @ Quantum Laser Science Research Group, University Malaya.

For those who interested in pursuing study in Theoretical Physics field, maybe you can consider this opportunity. My supervisor is seeking students who is enthusiast to learn new theories and govern new knowledge in Quantum Optics, Laser  Science and Field-Matter Interaction. We are developing a centre of excellence in Quantum Laser Science at University Malaya and very pleased if anybody can join us and build up team of physics theorist in Malaysia.